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Article 13

Transparency and provision of information to deployers

1.   High-risk AI systems shall be designed and developed in such a way as to ensure that their operation is sufficiently transparent to enable deployers to interpret a system’s output and use it appropriately. An appropriate type and degree of transparency shall be ensured with a view to achieving compliance with the relevant obligations of the provider and deployer set out in Section 3.

2.   High-risk AI systems shall be accompanied by instructions for use in an appropriate digital format or otherwise that include concise, complete, correct and clear information that is relevant, accessible and comprehensible to deployers.

3.   The instructions for use shall contain at least the following information:

(a)

the identity and the contact details of the provider and, where applicable, of its authorised representative;

(b)

the characteristics, capabilities and limitations of performance of the high-risk AI system, including:

(i)

its intended purpose;

(ii)

the level of accuracy, including its metrics, robustness and cybersecurity referred to in Article 15 against which the high-risk AI system has been tested and validated and which can be expected, and any known and foreseeable circumstances that may have an impact on that expected level of accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity;

(iii)

any known or foreseeable circumstance, related to the use of the high-risk AI system in accordance with its intended purpose or under conditions of reasonably foreseeable misuse, which may lead to risks to the health and safety or fundamental rights referred to in Article 9(2);

(iv)

where applicable, the technical capabilities and characteristics of the high-risk AI system to provide information that is relevant to explain its output;

(v)

when appropriate, its performance regarding specific persons or groups of persons on which the system is intended to be used;

(vi)

when appropriate, specifications for the input data, or any other relevant information in terms of the training, validation and testing data sets used, taking into account the intended purpose of the high-risk AI system;

(vii)

where applicable, information to enable deployers to interpret the output of the high-risk AI system and use it appropriately;

(c)

the changes to the high-risk AI system and its performance which have been pre-determined by the provider at the moment of the initial conformity assessment, if any;

(d)

the human oversight measures referred to in Article 14, including the technical measures put in place to facilitate the interpretation of the outputs of the high-risk AI systems by the deployers;

(e)

the computational and hardware resources needed, the expected lifetime of the high-risk AI system and any necessary maintenance and care measures, including their frequency, to ensure the proper functioning of that AI system, including as regards software updates;

(f)

where relevant, a description of the mechanisms included within the high-risk AI system that allows deployers to properly collect, store and interpret the logs in accordance with Article 12.

Frequently Asked Questions

Transparency means that high-risk AI systems should be clearly understandable, allowing users to interpret the results correctly and confidently. Providers must ensure deployers have enough clear and accurate information about how the AI system works, its capabilities, limitations, intended use, and possible risks; this helps deployers comply with legal obligations and use the AI system safely and responsibly.
High-risk AI systems need clear instructions that detail the provider’s identity, intended use, performance limits and accuracy, cybersecurity measures, risks to safety or fundamental rights, specifications on data used, methods to interpret outputs, human oversight procedures, and necessary resources, maintenance routines and software updates required for proper operation.
Deployers need detailed instructions to understand the exact capabilities, limitations, and potential risks associated with using high-risk AI systems. Clear instructions help deployers ensure safe and correct use, make informed decisions, meet their obligations under AI regulations, and effectively manage potential issues or risks, thus protecting themselves and end users.
Providers must clearly state the expected accuracy levels, robustness, cybersecurity resilience, and any foreseeable impacts or risks related to the system’s use or potential misuse. This includes identifying any conditions or situations in which accuracy or security could become compromised, ensuring deployers can confidently manage, monitor, and mitigate potential risks and protecting users’ rights.

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