The EU may create these agreements to share information, resources, and strategies with other countries, making cybersecurity activities, such as handling cyber threats, more effective; this helps everyone involved respond quickly, learn from each other, and maintain greater safety and stronger cyber resilience across national borders.

Article 218 TFEU is a legal procedure established by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union which provides clear processes and rules for the European Union when negotiating and concluding international agreements with countries or international organizations regarding various topics, including collaboration on cybersecurity activities and issues.

The Cooperation Group, CSIRTs network, and EU-CyCLONe are groups that enable countries in the European Union to share cybersecurity information, coordinate cybersecurity response actions, manage cyber crisis incidents together, and collaborate effectively to protect citizens, businesses, and essential infrastructure from online threats and cyber attacks.

All international agreements made by the European Union under the NIS2 directive must follow their strict personal data protection laws, ensuring people’s private information stays safe, is handled responsibly, and isn’t misused or shared without proper safeguards, even when cooperating and sharing information with countries or groups outside the EU.